Bananas Read online

  77. Rick Weiss, “Vaccine A-Peel: Researchers Aim at a Disease-Preventing Banana,” Washington Post (April 11, 1995), Health Section, 7.

  78. Rick Weiss, “Replacing Needles with Nibbles to Put the Bite on Disease,” Washington Post (May 4, 1998), A3.

  79. George A. Harrop, “A Milk and Banana Diet for the Treatment of Obesity,” Journal of the American Medical Association 102 (1934), 2003.

  80. House Beautiful (October 1977), 120.

  81. “Sweet Treat: Bananas,” Good Housekeeping 194 (March 1982), 178.

  82. Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey, May 12, 1993), 27.

  83. “How Many Bananas in a Marathon?” Washington Post (October 21, 1995), B9.

  84. “Back Country Banana,” Sierra (March/April 1995), 27.

  85. Title Nine Sports Catalog (Spring/Summer 1993), 2.

  86. Boston Sunday Globe (October 6, 1918), 30.

  87. Ann Landers, “More on the Wizardry of Wart Removal,” New Haven Register (June 14, 1993), 17.

  88. Ann Landers, Washington Post (September 21, 1997).

  89. Ann Landers, Washington Post (November 30, 1997).

  6. EATING BANANAS

  1. Charles F. Wingate, ed., The Housekeeper: A Journal of Domestic Economy 11:6 (June 1876), 93.

  2. Marion Harland, House and Home: A Complete Housewife’s Guide (Philadelphia: W. Ziegler, 1889), 505.

  3. “A Christmas Dinner,” The Ladies’ World (December, 1896), 8.

  4. The Home-Maker (November 1888), 127.

  5. Menu, Winterthur Manuscript Collection.

  6. Menu collection, Winterthur Museum and Library, Rare Book Room.

  7. Good Housekeeping (August 30, 1890), ii.

  8. Walter R. Houghton, James K. Beck, James A. Woodburn, Horace R. Hoffman, A. B. Philputt, A. E. Davis, (Mrs.) W. R. Houghton, American Etiquette and Rules of Politeness (Indianapolis: A. E. Davis Publisher, 1882), 171.; Maud C. Cooke, Our Social Manual for All Occasions or Approved Etiquette of To-Day (Chicago and Philadelphia: Monarch Book Company, 1896), 226.

  9. Florence Marion Hall, The Correct Thing in Good Society (Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1888), 101.

  10. 175 Choice Recipes Mainly Furnished by Members of the Chicago Women’s Club (Chicago: Charles H. Keer, 1887), 4.

  11. Good Housekeeping (July 23, 1887), ii.

  12. Filippini, One Hundred Desserts (New York: H. M. Caldwell, 1893).

  13. Horace R. Allen, The American Home and Farm Cyclopedia (Philadelphia: Thompson Publishing, 1890), 487.

  14. Theodore Francis Garrett, ed., Encyclopedia of Practical Cookery (Philadelphia: Hudson Importing, 1893), 70.

  15. “Bananas as Food,” Marylander and Herald (Princess Anne, Maryland, January 25, 1916).

  16. American Domestic Cyclopaedia (New York: F. M. Lupton, 1890), 306.

  17. Delicate Dishes: A Cook Book Compiled by Ladies of St. Paul’s Church (Chicago, 1896), 82.

  18. “A Spring-Time Breakfast,” Housekeeper’s Weekly 3:19 (May 7, 1892), 14.

  19. “Puffed Wheat or Rice with Bananas,” Woman’s Home Companion (March 1910), 58.

  20. “Puffed Wheat and Puffed Rice,” Ladies Home Journal (February 1918), 54.

  21. “Shredded Ralston,” American Magazine (November 1939), 143.

  22. William A. Murrill, “The Banana and Its Uses: Getting Acquainted with This Tropical Fruit of Which There Are over Seventy Varieties,” Scientific American 125a (December 1921), 119.

  23. “From the Tropics to Your Table” (New York: Fruit Dispatch Company, 1926), 28.

  24. David Widner, “America’s Going Bananas,” Reader’s Digest 129 (July 1986), 116.

  25. Janet McKenzie Hill, ed., A Short History of the Banana and a Few Recipes for Its Use (Boston: United Fruit), 1904.

  26. Harland, House and Home: A Complete Cook-Book and Housewife’s Guide, 387.

  27. “Unloading a Banana Steamer,” Harper’s Weekly 38 (April 21, 1894), 366–67.

  28. Sidney Mintz, Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (New York: Elizabeth Seaton Books/Viking), 1985.

  29. B. W. Bryant, A Bill of Fare for Everyday in the Year (October 1–14, 1892).

  30. Chicago Record Cook Book: Seasonable, Inexpensive Bills of Fare for Every Day in the Year (Chicago: Chicago Record, 1896), 428.

  31. Francis X. Clines, “First Banana: A Welcome to a New Land,” New York Times Metro Report (July 31, 1994), 33; Joan Nathan, Jewish Cooking in America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 363–64.

  32. Samuel C. Prescott, “Consider the Banana,” Good Housekeeping 65 (October 1917), 79.

  33. Samuel C. Prescott, “Banana: A Food of Exceptional Value,” Scientific Monthly 6 (January 1918), 75.

  34. Prescott, “Consider the Banana,” 75.

  36. B. R. Murphy, “A Cheap Food We Overlook,” Ladies Home Journal 35 (March 1918), 52.

  37. “Cook Your Bananas,” Literary Digest 56 (February 16, 1918), 22.

  38. “From the Tropics to Your Table” (New York: Fruit Dispatch Company, 1926), 26.

  39. Home Economics Department, A Study of the Banana: Its Every-Day Use and Food Value (New York: United Fruit, 1939), 14.

  40. The Chiquita Banana Cookbook (Chiquita Brands, New York: Avon Books), 1974.

  41. Official Transportation Map, Department of Transportation, Pennsylvania (c. 1993).

  42. Unifruitco 25:12 (December 29, 1967), 7.

  43. “The Banana Split … and Does New Things for Your Whole Menu!” Ladies Home Journal (April 1976), 120.

  44. “What’s Cooking across the Country?” Taste of Home (1993), 48.

  45. Percy Collins, “Quaint Dessert Dishes,” American Homes and Gardens 8 (February 1911), 57.

  46. Elizabeth Schwarts, “The King’s Eating Habits Deadly, Expert Says,” Cable News Network (August 16, 1995).

  47. R. H. Stover and N. W. Simmonds, Bananas (New York: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1987), 408.

  48. Artemis Ward, The Grocers’ Hand-Book and Directory for 1886 (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Grocer Publishing, 1885), 18.

  49. “Cider and Vinegar from Bananas,” Literary Digest 100 (March 16, 1929), 34.

  50. Stover and Simmonds, Bananas, 396–97.

  51. J. A. LeClerc and V. A. Pease, rev. by Harry W. von Loesecke, “Banana Flour as Meal, and Other Commercial Food Products from the Banana: Selected References and Patents Covering Preparation, Uses, Properties,” Agricultural Chemical Research Division, Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, Department of Agriculture (typescript, February 27, 1941, and August 27, 1942), 1.

  52. “Dried Bananas,” The Cook 1:7 (May 11, 1885), 7.

  53. S. E. Worrell, “Dry Bananas,” Scientific American 90 (April 16, 1904), 311.

  54. Worrell, “Dry Bananas,” 311.

  55. “Some Facts about Bananas,” Scientific American 75 (October 10, 1896), 284.

  56. “The Bread of the Tropics,” Scientific American 65 (October 10, 1891), 224.

  57. “Some Facts about Bananas,” 284.

  58. “The Banana as the Basis of a New Industry,” Scientific American 80 (March 4, 1899), 137.

  59. “Banana Flour,” Scientific American Supplement 50 (August 18, 1900), 20601.

  60. “Banana Flour,” 20601.

  61. “Banana Flour, A New Substitute for Wheat and Rye Flour,” Scientific American 113 (July 3, 1915), 35.

  62. “Banana Flour, A New Substitute for Wheat and Rye Flour,” 35.

  63. “Banana Flour to Help Fortify America Against a Bread Famine,” Current Opinion 63 (November 1917), 355.

  64. “Possibilities of Dried Bananas,” Literary Digest 72 (January 7, 1922), 21.

  65. “Possibilities of Dried Bananas,” 22.

  66. “Possibilities of Dried Bananas,” 22.

  67. Murrill, “The Banana and Its Uses: Getting Acquainted with This Tropical Fruit,” 119.

  68. “United Fruit Bananas Converted into a New Drink and a Baby Food: Melzo,” Business Week (October 7, 1933), 10.
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br />   69. “United Fruit Bananas Converted into a New Drink and a Baby Food: Melzo,” 10.

  70. “United Fruit Bananas Converted into a New Drink and a Baby Food: Melzo,” 10.

  71. “United Fruit Bananas Converted into A New Drink and a Baby Food: Melzo,” 10.

  72. “Postwar Use for Dried Bananas,” Science Digest 15 (April 1944), 96.

  73. E. D. Stratton, “Bananas: Fruits, Tropical, N.O.S., Dried or Evaporated Fruits,” Association of American Railroads, Railroad Committee for the Study of Transportation, Subcommittee on Economic Study Group 4 (typescript, July 24, 1946), viii.

  74. M. deG. Bryan and E. Plotz, “Methods of Retarding the Rate of Darkening of Cut Bananas,” Journal of Home Economics (February 1935), 98.

  75. Stover and Simmonds, Bananas, 424.

  76. Stover and Simmonds, Bananas, 398.

  77. Stover and Simmonds, Bananas, 400.

  78. Dean D. Duxbury, “More Banana Variety,” Food Processing (November 1991), 125.

  79. “Hints from Heloise,” Washington Post (March 10, 1998), D11.

  80. Duxbury, “More Banana Variety,” 125.

  81. Stover and Simmonds, Bananas, 398–99.

  82. “Bananas, Barbeques and Beverages … What’s the Story?” Prepared Foods (May 1992), 129.

  7. CELEBRATING BANANAS

  1. “International Banana Festival: Bananas and Good Friends,” Fulton, Kentucky, Chamber of Commerce (typescript, 1991), 1.

  2. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program (Fulton, Kentucky, 1970), 11.

  3. Curlin Reed, “Dad’s Night,” Saturday Evening Post (June 30, 1945), 18.

  4. Fulton County Historical Society, Fulton County History 1 (Dallas: Taylor Publishing, 1983), 20.

  5. “Fulton Goes Bananas in a Festive Style,” Commercial Appeal Weekend Living (Memphis, Tennessee, August 17, 1979).

  6. Fulton County History 1, 390.

  7. Interview with Mary Nelle Wright, Fulton, Kentucky (September 1962).

  8. “Fulton Goes Bananas in a Festive Style.”

  9. “Fulton Goes Bananas in a Festive Style.”

  10. Fulton County History 1, 468.

  11. Fulton County News (August 19, 1971), 1.

  12. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program (1968), 35.

  13. Fulton Daily Leader (September 20, 1982), 2.

  14. Fulton County History 1, 468.

  15. Fulton Daily Leader, 2.

  16. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, Fulton, Kentucky–South Fulton, Tennessee (September 4–7, 1968), 19.

  17. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 21.

  18. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 13.

  19. Jacqueline McGlade, “The U.S. Technical Assistance and Productivity Program and the Education of Western European Managers, 1948–59,” in T. R. Gourvish and N. Tiratsoo, Missionaries and Managers: American Influences on European Management Education, 1945–60 (Manchester University Press, 1997), 13–33.

  20. “Thirty Years of Sentiments and Memories,” International Banana Festival Program, Chamber of Commerce of the Twin Cities, Fulton, Kentucky (1992), 20; “International Banana Festival: Bananas and Good Friends,” 2.

  21. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 33.

  22. “Thirty Years of Sentiments and Memories,” 21.

  23. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 35.

  24. Interview with Paul Westpheling, Fulton, Kentucky, (September, 1992).

  25. Sixteenth Annual International Banana Festival Program (1978), 18.

  26. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 19.

  27. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 21; “Thirty Years of Sentiments and Memories,” 22.

  28. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 35.

  29. Editorial in Fulton County News (August 24, 1972), 2.

  30. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 19.

  31. Fourteenth Annual International Banana Festival Program (1976), 6.

  32. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 35, 37.

  33. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 17.

  34. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 15.

  35. Fulton Daily Leader (September 20, 1982), 10.

  36. “International Banana Festival: Bananas and Good Friends,” 2.

  37. Twenty-fifth Annual International Banana Festival Program (Fulton, Kentucky, 1987), 7.

  38. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 31.

  39. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 19.

  40. Fourteenth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 38.

  41. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 29.

  42. Sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 27.

  43. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 15.

  44. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 15.

  45. Eighth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 17.

  46. Twenty-sixth Annual International Banana Festival Program (Fulton, Kentucky, 1988), 12.

  47. Fulton County History 1, 21.

  48. “Jo’s Notebook,” Fulton County News (August 24, 1972), 8.

  49. Twenty-fifth Annual International Banana Festival Program, 19.

  50. Interview with Mary Nelle Wright, Fulton, Kentucky, (September 1992).

  51. Thirtieth Annual International Banana Festival Program (Fulton, Kentucky, 1992), 47.

  8. MEANING OF BANANAS

  1. Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (New York: Elizabeth Seaton Books/Viking, 1985).

  2. Quaker Oats Company, Woman’s Home Companion (March 1910), 58; “Shredded Ralston,” American Magazine (November 1939), 143.

  3. Kraft General Foods, Post Banana Nut Crunch, (Introductory store coupon, 1993).

  4. B. Roueche, “The Humblest Fruit,” New Yorker 49 (October 1, 1973), 48.

  5. David Widner, “America’s Going Bananas,” Reader’s Digest (July 1986), 118.

  6. New York Times (March 8, 1993), D8.

  7. Personal communication from Gene Murrow (February 5, 1992).

  8. Martin V. Melosi, Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880–1980 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1981), 67, 74.

  9. Francis Forrester, “Mind Where You Throw Orange Peel,” Sunday School Advocate 20:23 (September 14, 1861), 89–90.

  10. Edith E. Wiggin, Lessons on Manners for School and Home Use (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1884), 23.

  11. Harper’s Weekly (April 26, 1879), 331.

  12. The Cook 1:19 (August 3, 1885), 11.

  13. George A. Soper, Modern Methods of Street Cleaning (New York: Engineering News Publishing, 1909), 8.

  14. Report of a Committee of the New York Municipal Society Appointed to Investigate the System of Street Cleaning as Administered by the Board of Police of the City of New York (New York: 1878).

  15. William A. Richmann, The Sweep of Time (Elgin, Illinois: Elgin Sweeper Company, 1962), 28.

  16. George E. Waring Jr., Street Cleaning (New York: Doubleday and McClure, 1898), 183; Melosi, Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880–1980, 75.

  17. Waring, Street Cleaning, 181.

  18. Waring, Street Cleaning, 182.

  19. Waring, Street Cleaning, 184.

  20. Department of Street Cleaning, City of New York, Report for Year 1909, 11.

  21. Annual Report of Department of Street Cleaning for the Year 1912 (New York, N.Y.), 3.

  22. Melosi, Garbage in The Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880–1980, 76.

  23. Civic Improvement League, Keep Our City Clean (Saint Louis: C. P. Curran, 1902), 12.

  24. Harper’s Weekly (May 29, 1880), 343.

  25. John Wilcock, “About: Bananas,” New York Times Magazine (March 30, 1958),
53.

  26. Wilcock, “About: Bananas,” 53.

  27. “Joey Faye,” The Economist (May 10, 1997), 88.

  28. Drummer’s Yarns or Fun on the “Road” (New York: Excelsior Publishing House, 1886), 71.

  29. The Smile on the Face of the Tiger: A Collection of Limericks (Boston: Bacon and Brown, 1910); Clement Wood, ed., A Book of Humorous Limericks (Little Blue Book 1018, Girard, Kansas: Huldeman-Julius Company), 1926.

  30. Michael Neve, “Freud’s Theory of Humor, Wit and Jokes,” in Laughing Matters: A Serious Look at Humor (New York: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1998), 40.

  31. Jonathan Miller, “Jokes and Joking: A Serious Laughing Matter,” in Laughing Matters: A Serious Look at Humor (New York: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1988), 10.

  32. Frank J. MacHovec, Humor: Theory, History, Applications (Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1988), 54.

  33. Quoted in Neve, “Freud’s Theory of Humor, Wit and Jokes,” 36.

  34. Harper’s Weekly (July 27, 1878), 591.

  35. Raymond Sokolov, “Bananamania,” Natural History (May 1977), 80.

  36. Unifruitco 24:10 (United Fruit, October 31, 1966), 7.

  37. MacHovec, Humor: Theory, History, Applications, 67.

  38. MacHovec, Humor: Theory, History, Applications, 67.

  39. Stephen Leacock, Humor: Its Theory and Technique (New York: Dodd Mead, 1935), 11.

  40. Roueche, “The Humblest Fruit,” 48.

  41. William Breisky, “But Yes, We Had Bananas—Coming Out of Our Ears,” Smithsonian (March 1977), 101.

  42. Justice 75:6 (New York: International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, September 1993), 20.

  43. Leacock, Humor: Its Theory and Technique, 201.

  44. Marina Warner, No Go the Bogeyman: Scaring, Lulling, and Making Mock (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998), 372.

  45. Kirk Varnedoe and Adam Gopnik, High and Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture (Museum of Modern Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1990).

  46. “Hagar the Horrible” by Chris Browne, Washington Post, (April 12, 1992); “The Fusco Brothers” by J. C. Duffy, Washington Post (July 15, 1992); Gary Larson, Washington Post (August 7, 1994); “Mother Goose & Grimm” by Mike Peters, Washington Post (February 18, 1995); “Speed Bump” by Dave Coverly, Washington Post (July 26, 1995); “BC” by Hart, Washington Post (August 27, 1995, and October 31, 1997); “Garfield” by Jim Davis, Washington Post (May 26, 1996); “Broom Hilda” by Russell Myers, Washington Post (May 23, 1997, and January 15, 1998); “Beetle Bailey” by Mort Walker, Washington Post (January 24, 1998); “Ralph” by Wayne Stayskal, Washington Post (February 22, 1998).